Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a type of progressive neurological disorder caused by damage to nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to progressive disability and death. NDs can occur at any age, but they are most common in children and young adults. NDs can lead to a decline in cognitive function, movement and/or behavior.
Symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders
There are many different types of neurodegenerative disorders, each with its own unique symptoms. Some common symptoms include:
- Problems with movement
- Memory loss
- Changes in mood or behavior
- Difficulty speaking
- Difficulty swallowing
- Seizures
- Problems with coordination
- Changes in vision
- Problems with thinking or reasoning
Diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders
There is no one test to diagnose neurodegenerative disorders, and it can often take time and a variety of tests to make a diagnosis. They can often resemble other neurological conditions. A doctor will usually start by taking a medical history and doing a physical exam. They may also order blood tests, imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans) and nerve conduction tests.
Treatment for neurodegenerative disorders
There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, as the underlying cause and progression varies. Treatments for pediatric neurodegenerative diseases are designed to combat the underlying cause of the disorder as well as to lessen the symptoms. Some people with NDs require lifelong care and support.
Often, a multidisciplinary approach in which caregivers, physicians and therapists collaborate can be helpful. Treatment options may include:
- Anticonvulsants
- Diet regulation
- Physical therapy to work on mobility
- Occupational therapy to work on self care skills and fine motor function
- Speech therapy to work on communication, swallowing, etc.
- Orthotics to improve walking and improve flexibility
- Equipment to support mobility and positioning
- Medications for tone management to relax muscles, improve function, improve ease of care and promote comfort